The beliefs of Childrens Learning

The beliefs of Childrens Learning Identifying the beliefs of Childrens Learning, Development, and the Social Influences that shaped them. A childs learning and development begins from the moment they are born, the early years from birth to five are an important milestone in a persons life, what a child experiences in the early years has a major impact on their future chances in life. A safe, secure and happy childhood is important in its own right. We can shape a childs learning from an early age, children learn through experience and adult involvement, therefore interaction with babies and young children is fundamentally important, it helps to build ideas, creates thinking and helps them develop as learners. Babies are born with an interest in people and a drive to find out about their world. Observing and assessing babies and young children is an important basis in their learning and development. Watching children learn can open our eyes to the capacity of how they learn (Pugh, 2001, p. 66), and this shows us the i mportance of these first few years in a childs life. Over the decades early education, policies and practices have seen significant changes. We still use many of the earlier theories and methods through the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) in our early education settings today. The EYFS is part of a ten year Childcare Strategy introduced in 2008, it relates to the Childcare Act 2006, and its aim is to give young children the best start in life, it sets standards to enable early years providers to implement the rich and personalised experience many parents give their children at home. It provides legal requirements relating to learning, development, assessments and welfare. The EYFS principles which guide all practitioners consists of four themes; a Unique Child, Positive Relationships, Enabling Environments, Learning And Development. It implies that all children from birth to five will acquire the same skills and knowledge in preparation for school while at the same time recognising that all children are individuals that require ind ividual learning strategies. The construction of early education and care of children and young people dates back many years, as early as the 17th century. Friedrich Froebel a major theorist was born in 1782 in Thuringia what is now Germany and was well known for saying play is a childs work, he formulated the idea of kindergarten meaning childrens garden as a means of educating young children. Play and the outdoor environment were important in Froebelian kindergartens. His approach emphasized that children are able to develop their capacity for learning through play, and that active learning is essential with guidance and appropriate direction. He believed that training of workers within the early years was essential, and the importance of parents as partners in the education of young children. The influence of Froebels methods are well established in early years settings to date, his work was one of the theories that made the basis of early education. Many recent theorists based t heir work on these early findings, and say, he was ahead of his time as one of the EYFS themes and commitments, of today states active learning. Active learning it is implemented through the learning and development principle of the EYFS, it provides physical and mental involvement, decision-making and personalised learning, and it occurs when children are keen to learn and are interested in finding things out for themselves. Play is a dynamic process that develops and changes, it provides children with opportunities for developing cognitive, social, emotional and physical skills. Froebelian kindergartens were seen to be middle class; despite this his methods were adapted for use with disadvantaged children and families within developing 20th century nursery and infant schools. (Pound, 2008, p. 16). The first nursery school opened in Scotland in1816 by Robert Owen(1771-1858), he was a mill owner who refused to employ children less than 10 years of age, he believed that education should be a common right for all children, and that children are passive, contrived and by due preparation and accurate attention can be formed into any human character. He managed their behaviour through kindness, which in the19th century was unusual, children as young as 2 years attended his school. The opening of his nursery school influenced changing attitudes on child labour, and set the basis of early education for young children. The start of the curriculum method was one of Owenss ideas, his vision on education-inspired generations of activist; he recognised the link between social welfare and early education this is an important part of practice in modern day settings. His commitments to education were radical as were his ideas on the importance of equality, although his policies were a bold ste p forward, he was criticised as being rooted in his desire for profit. (Pound, 2008, p. 13) In the UK the development of early education was very slow compared to Europe, it was In 1870 that publicly funded education became compulsory for children age 5, the need to understand these early childhood services is important as they laid down the foundations of our education system (Pugh, 2001, p. 8) During the 1960s the voluntary playgroup movement emerged. A letter sent to the Guardian by Belle Tutaev, a young mother of a four-year-old expressing concern to the lack of appropriate nursery provision within our education system. For many years the main means of early education was state primary schools, and this was aimed at children over 5 years, after campaigning to the authorities to no avail she opened her own playgroup, this progressed and by the seventies playgroups became a recognised form of pre-school provision. Over the next 2 decades the changing family patterns and employment patterns meant early years provision were a much needed source, this saw the growth of private nurseries. Only after a review in 1988 on early childhood and education services, (The Education Reform Act) did the government realise there was a growing problem. It found flaws, in uncoordinated services, which varied between different parts of the country, compared to the rest of Europe there were low levels of public funding. It had different services ran by a diversity of different organisations, this meant a wide range of clients used them, all with different aims and purposes. The education system needed the government to intervene. A number of national reports was to be published, one of them the Rumbold report published in 1990, expressed concerns about education and the lack of access to Early Years services. It highlighted the need for the development of good quality provision in the early years, and believed it to be vital that all that work, or are involved with young children recognise the importance of their educational role and fulfil it. She urged those who make provision recognise the growing demand for and the expansion of high quality services to meet children and parents needs (rumbold, 1990). The report also highlighted the way in which young children learn are as important as what they learn, and argued against the introduction of formal learning. At the time, this report was ignored but it is now used as a basis for best practice in todays Early Years settings. The establishment of the Early Childhood Education forum in 1993 meant bringing together all national agencies working in the field, (Pugh, 2001, p. 11) it clarified that an early years policy is needed, and an expansion in services, the forum gathered strength with over 45 national organisations by 1998. Its aims were to champion childrens rights and entitlements, support the training development and education of early childhood practitioners, and all those who work with children and their families. The government took action and in 1995, funding for the education of 4 year olds was introduced this was in the form of vouchers that could be redeemed in private, voluntary, or local authority nurseries, the vouchers were extremely criticised at the time and was abolished in 1997 when Labour Government was elected. The election of the Labour Government brought big changes in the way our whole Education System was run, especially Early Education; its key issue is to eradicate child poverty, and provide more family friendly policies and childrens centres. The Sure Start initiative, launched in 1999 under the National Childcare Strategy plays a major role in doing this, by helping families in local communities of need with children under 4years old. The government pledged 1.4 billion pounds over 6 years. This meant that parents had access to a multi agency of services within the Sure Start Childrens Centres. They are now a key influence within our communities helping children, families and society, by learning and developing life skills in the early years so that young children grow up to be happy, healthy and are able to achieve their goals in life. The centres are at the Heart of the Every Child Matters Change for Children 2004. The green paper Every Child Matters was published in 2003, in response to a report by Lord Laming in 2001, into the death of Victoria Climbie. Victoria was a young girl who was horrifically abused, tortured and killed by her great aunt, Marie-Therese Kouao and partner Carl Manning; they were the people who were supposed to be caring for her. Shameful failings within a number of systems meant on 12 occasions over 10 months the chances to save Victoria were missed. Evidence from this Inquiry demonstrated the dangers of staff from different agencies not fulfilling their separate and distinctive responsibilities. The death of Victoria showed a fundamental need for an integrated service that would be part of a political agenda for many years, despite the Children Act 1989 provisions, child protection strategies and services stayed within the social service system, and the level of communication and co-operation between these and other services in health and education were variable. The Ev ery Child Matters agenda is recognised by five outcomes; be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution, and achieve economic wellbeing; these outcomes are a universal ambition for the government, and form a strong basis for the EYFS curriculum used in Early Education Settings to date. The transfer of responsibility for children under 8-years-old were made from the Department of Health, to the Department of Education and Skills and from 2001, an integrated inspection service was introduced, bringing together all the services, enabling multi-agency working, which was an important step forward. The Early Years Development and Childcare Partnership in local authorities were also introduced, helping to increase levels of provision in Childcare. Working in partnership with the Local Education Authority, each authority completed an audit, with a plan to reach the governments targets for early education places for all 3- and-4year-olds. This was made easier in the change of policy earlier, that allowed non maintained sectors to apply for nursery grants, children in private day nurseries, pre-schools and some childminders could now access their free half-day nursery provision. In this way the strategy started to tackle the long-term split between Early Years education serv ices and the childcare services. (Macelod- Brundenell,and Kay 2nd edition 2008 pg 352 ). It has been without doubt that Early Education has come a long way since Froebel in the 17th century, and the opening of Owens nursery school in 1816, but not many things have changed, it was evident then that children learn through play and exploration, and early learning is important in the first five years. Maybe many generations of children have missed out the chances given to young children of today. The EYFS has been an important milestone for early education and young children, and is now the way forward in preparing a child for school, but its existance is still in the primary stages, and many small nursery settings may find adapting to these changes and sustaining them quiet difficult as the standards and welfare requirements set are extremly high.

Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Comparison Essay

Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne were two of America’s finest Romantic writers. These two writers have stood the test of time and are read as much today if not more than they were in their own time. The major reason that both author’s were as popular as they are is because of the fact that they delved into the human mind to create their psychological literature. Edgar Allan Poe’s life spanned from eighteen nine until nineteen forty-nine, the years that were the beginning of the Romantic Movement. Poe was considered an educated man for his time. He attended the University of Virginia and West Point. Since West Point is a military school, he no doubt studied psychology because one who would be a commander in the army would need to know about the way the enemy thinks. Poe did not use this knowledge as a military officer, but used it to create excellent psychological terror in literature. During a time when the arts focused on the supernatural, Poe looked to the character’s own mind to provide terror. The narrator of The Tell-Tale Heart is so terrified by his guilt that he reveals the murder he has committed to the authorities, as does the narrator of The Black Cat. In the famous short story The Cask of Amontillado, the reader experienced the terror of one’s condemnation to be walled up in a small cellar room to die and to have the time to think about what is to happen in total darkness and isolation. The Fall of the House of Usher also leaves the narrator completely terrified, not because of his safety, but because of the information that his mind must process and the knowledge that he may begin to suffer from the same madness that Roderick Usher is doomed to endure. Nathaniel Hawthorne was also an expert in delving into the deepest regions of a character’s mind. The Scarlet Letter, one of Hawthorne’s best works is about a woman who must wear a scarlet A because she is an adulterer. The town minister is the man who is also responsible for the sin. However, because he is a male and cannot get pregnant, the community does not know of his guilt. Instead he punishes himself much more than his female counterpart until the sin takes on a supernatural quality. It does so only through the guilt that he must endure. The Minister’s Black Veil is about another minister who physically punishes himself for a psychological sin that he has committed. This penance has bothered the congregation to the point that they isolate the minister. Again, it is their psychological fear and guilt that is their terror. Hawthorne, in his attempt to prove that all are sinners and that all wrestle with good and evil in their minds, proves his point in Young Goodman Brown. In this short story, a young man must decide whether to sell his soul to become a successful man or to remain free. The resolution of the story is that the horrid scene the young man had witness the night before was only a dream, yet he is not sure that it took place in his mind or if it was real. Reality and what one perceived as reality was something that Hawthorne was a master. Both Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne made use of the human mind as an instrument a person’s demise rather than actions. They understood the power of the human mind even though they did not know what we do today. They are shining examples of psychological literature as an instrument of terror and guilt. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Minister’s Black Veil. 1836 Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Pocket. 2004. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. 1835 Poe, Edgar Allan. The Black Cat. 1843. Poe, Edgar Allan. The Cask of Amontillado. 1846 Poe, Edgar Allan. The Fall of the House of Usher. 1839 Poe, Edgar Allan. The Tell-Tale Heart. 1843

Advertising The Ad Creates Awareness Of The Gucci

Absolut Gucci Awareness: The ad creates awareness of the product Absolut Vodka to the Gucci consumers. With the bottle and the text Absolut written on the back of the Gucci jacket, the consumer gets aware of the brand. This is a unique idea to advertise the brand as consumers tend to remember ideas that are different from others. Acceptance: With associating Absolut with a luxury brand Gucci, the ad has created more chances of consumers accepting the brand; consumers want to associate themselves with high quality luxury brands, to fulfil their psychological need to belong to an elite social group. Preference: The ad helps generate preference for the brand Absolut in consumers, as it gives the brand an image of a high quality-top class brand; consumers want to use what is best in the market and they use brands that would reflect their personality in the society. Intention: When consumers perceive the brand as of best quality, their buying intention gets stronger. Purchase: When the preference for the brand and the buying intention for the product grows strong, the consumer buys the product. As said earlier, even though if the consumer is not ready to buy the product instantly, there is a huge chance for future purchases. This model is very useful for this analysis as the number of consumers decreases from one stage to another, as we move up the model. There can be many consumers who view the product, but not everyone would buy the product. It requires a lot of workShow MoreRelatedLuxury Good and Gucci1239 Words   |  5 Pagesof scope. The economics of the luxury goods industry changed forcing Gucci to modify its strategy. Consumers demand shifted from classic style buyers to style conscious buyers. Gucci not only had to change due to the economics of the industry but they also had several problems with their existing structure. Hence Gucci made the following moves to reposition it to compete in the new economics of the luxury goods industry. Gucci The partnership between DeSole and Ford addresses the company’s inabilityRead MoreGucci Brand Management5545 Words   |  23 PagesExecutive Summary This paper examines the brand management of Gucci, as one of today’s most prominent luxury brands. Based on literature it first looks at definitions of luxury and luxury brand equity as an expression of dream value. Then it explores the identity, brand building, brand architecture, brand stretching and strategies Gucci follows in each of its segments. In the light of the latest recession, it looks at the response strategies of the brand and sheds light on the communication challengesRead MoreMarketing Communications Plan For Burberry1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe company has been effectively catering its products to fulfil the needs of the targeted customers that have enabled it to acquire international presence as well (Burberry Website, 2014). The competitors of Burberry include Polo, Armani, Coach and Gucci. According to Morning Star (2014), Burberry has achieved massive growth in its business and has achieved revenue sales of  £2,330 million in 2014 as compared to  £1, 999 million in 2013. Analysis and Development of Integrated Marketing CommunicationRead MoreBurberry Marketing1471 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefits of brand extensions are the leveraging of existing brand awareness thus reducing advertising expenditures, and a lower risk from the perspective of the consumer. Appropriate brand extensions can enhance the core brand. 3. Consumer-based – A strong brand increases the consumer’s attitude strength toward the product associated with the brand. Attitude strength is built by experience with a product. The consumer’s awareness and associations lead to perceived quality, inferred attributes andRead MoreLuxury Good and Burberry1730 Words   |  7 Pagesplaid from raincoats to bikinis. Recent ads featuring British fashion icons like Kate Moss and Stella Tennant embody the essence of the new Burberry, depicting a modern edginess merged with a classic British elitism. Though they faced alienating loyal customers, Burberry balanced innovation with tradition to create an authentic, yet altogether more contemporary luxury offering. Since its reinvention, Burberry s equity has only increased, both in awareness and in meaning, that meaning now being relevantRead MoreConsumer Behaviour Luxury Bags4468 Words   |  18 Pages1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Executive Summary In this article you will get to know about 3 top competitive luxury brands, Louis Vuitton, Chanel and Gucci. Louis Vuitton positioned itself in the luxurious goods industry, and has successfully embedded consumer’s mind with a sense of prestige and elegance in their branding. Gucci claimed a unique positioning in innovation and craftsmanship, trendsetting and sophistication. Chanel brand positioning has been perceived as elegant, exclusivity, and timeless as knownRead MoreMarketing Plan for Chanel N5 Perfume3426 Words   |  14 Pagesquality of the product keeps the loyal customers. Also, the ads with famous people on television and proper use of printed version advertisements cause increased volume of interest between new customers as well as long-time clients. On the other hand, the advertising videos may not be too convincing about the perfume Chanel N5, but more focused on the celebrity itself. As the weakness factor, many other competitors of Chanel, like Gucci, Prada, or Versace try to reduce their prices in compare toRead MoreFashion, Fashion And Luxury Company1542 Words   |  7 Pagesnotwithstanding, it is important to note that the fashion industry’s higher contribution to the economy of the UK shows that it is highly productive. This gives the British Fashion Council more incentives to support the sector as it believes that this would create more job opportunities and hence improve the economy even further. Literature review The British Fashion Council (2014) indicates that the fashion industry’s aggregate contribution to the UK economy has increased to over forty six billion poundsRead MoreThe Impact Of Advertising On The Digital Age1842 Words   |  8 Pages Ever get tired of seeing an ad pop up while starting a video on YouTube. In a world, where digital technology has been a huge turning point, businesses have found new and creative ways to market their company’s product, be it by the internet, television, or newspaper; Digital technology did not just create an easier way to connect to each other but it made it easier for business to grow more efficiently. At the development of the information age, we started seeing more companies getting more competitiveRead MoreStrategy of Tissot Analysis3843 Words   |  16 Pagesdevelopment of Tissot at Viet Nam market. In addition, Tissot has to face to big competitor is replica Chinese wristwatch with cheap price and various design. The recommendation for Tissot focuses on promotion and advertising. Tissot should contact with singers or models to make advertising through TV, online, newspaper. Besides, Introduction Tissot come to Viet Nam so soon, but it is still unknown brand in Viet Nam. Therefore I choose topic: â€Å"MARKETING STRATEGY OF TISSOT IN VIET NAM† to investigate

Economics assignment Essay - 2064 Words

MBA 515 Practice Multiple Choice Questions 1. If the price of automobiles were to increase substantially, the demand curve for gasoline would most likely A) shift leftward. B) shift rightward. C) remain unchanged. D) become steeper. 2. Recently, many cities have attempted to pass laws taxing the sale of sugary drinks such as soda pop. If one of these laws passes, we would expect A) the supply curve for soda pop to shift to the right. B) the supply curve for soda pop to become more vertical. C) the demand curve for soda pop to shift to the right. D) the demand curve for soda pop to shift to the left. 3. As the price of a good increases, the change in the quantity demanded can be shown by A) shifting the demand curve leftward.†¦show more content†¦B) elastic. C) Both A and B above. D) Neither A nor B above. 16. A normal good has a ________ income elasticity of demand and quantity demanded ________ as income rises. A) negative; increases B) negative; decreases C) positive; increases D) positive; decreases 17. An indifference curve represents bundles of goods that a consumer A) views as equally desirable. B) ranks from most preferred to least preferred. C) refers to any other bundle of goods. D) All of the above. 18. Freds marginal utility of pizza equals 10 and his marginal utility of salad equals 2, then A) he would give up 5 pizzas to get the next salad. B) he would give up 5 salads to get the next pizza. C) he will eat five times as much pizza as salad. D) he will eat five times as much salad as pizza. 19. Joes income is $500, the price of food (F, y-axis) is $2, and the price of shelter (S, x-axis) is $100. Which of the following bundles is in Joes opportunity set? A) 50 units of food, 5 units of shelter B) 200 units of food, 2 units of shelter C) 100 units of food, 1 unit of shelter D) 150 units of food, 3 units of shelter 20. If the price of one good increases while the price of the other good and the consumers income remain unchanged, what will happen to the budget line? A) The budget line rotates inward from the intercept on the axis ofShow MoreRelatedEconomics For Business Assignment : Economics1362 Words   |  6 PagesEconomics for business assignment This is a two sided argument which needs complex and in-depth analysis to make a final judgement. The degree of government intervention may depend on many factors affecting the economy as a whole, a specific market and the businesses operating within it. The nature of different government regulations may have a restrictive nature, however some government action may have a beneficial effect on business activity and positively impact their objectives. It is essentialRead MoreEconomics Assignment6708 Words   |  27 Pagespoint c for the entire market on the graph on the right. An increase in the market demand for T-shirts from Dï€ ° to D1 shirt equilibrium to point d. At the new profit-maximizing point (point b on the left) a positive profit is being made. The lure of economic profit causes new businesses to enter the market. Assuming that this is an increasing cost industry, the market supply curve shifts to the right, from S0 to S1, until price is driven back to a new equilibrium point e. This is because as the marketRead MoreManagerial Economics Assignment952 Words   |  4 PagesMS- 09: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT Course Code : MS- 09 Course Title : Managerial Economics Assignment Code : 9/TMA/SEM-II/2010 Coverage : All Blocks Attempt All the Questions. â€Å"A close relationship between management and economics has led to the development of managerial economics.† Explain this statement. BOOK NO 1 PAGE NO. 7 Managerial Economics consists of the use of economic modes of thought to analyse business situation Spencer and Siegelman haveRead MoreAssignment : Economics For Managers3207 Words   |  13 Pages MPE781 ECONOMICS FOR MANAGERS Assignment: ECONOMICS CASE STUDY Case: â€Å"Government moves to sell Medibank Private,† by Jim McIlroy, April 9, 2014. Trimester 3, 2014 12 January 2015 NAME RAHUL KWATRA STUDENT ID 213311495 TOTAL WORDS 3039 Answer 1 The article â€Å"Government moves to sell Medibank Private† by Jim McIlroy on April 9, 2014 explains that the Australian government is trying to sell billions of dollars of public asset as Medibank Private to some of the private investors. The questionRead MoreManagerial Economics : Assignment Questions1409 Words   |  6 Pages Managerial Economics: Assignment 5 Andrew Amason BUS 640: Managerial Economics (NAI1629A) Dr. Neal Johnson August 15, 2016â€Æ' Problem 1: Jessica Alba, a famous actress, starts the baby and family products business, The Honest Company, with Christopher Gavigan. Alba and Gavigan set up their site so families can choose what kinds of non-toxic, all-natural products they d like to use and get them in a bundle. Families can choose all kinds of products from food to hygiene necessities and cleaningRead MoreUrban Economics Assignment 1802 Words   |  4 PagesUrban Economics Assignment 1 Student Name: HAO LI Student Number: 997456097 Chapter 2 1. a) The gains from trade are +1 shirts for North and +1 shirts for South. b) A trading city won’t develop because the opportunity cost of exchange for North is 2 shirts, which exceeds the gross gain of 1 shirt. c) Suppose an innovation in transportation decrease the transaction time. A trading city will develop if the transaction time is less than 15 minutes because the opportunity cost of exchange is 1 shirtRead MoreEconomics Assignment Indonesia1331 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿INTRODUCTION Indonesia plays major role in today’s economic as Indonesia is one of the countries with the biggest GDP with the 4th largest population in the world. Joining the member of G-20 major economies, Indonesia has successfully emerges as the largest economy in Southeast Asia, moreover, Indonesia also classified as a new industrialized country. Government plays substantial role through ownership of 141 state industries and enterprises, and administration of prices of basic goods such as riceRead MoreAssignment Questions On Economic Principles1049 Words   |  5 PagesKoo Weng Liang Written Assignment 1 (Microeconomics) for DB106 Economic Principles Assignment Questions Question 1 A) An opportunity cost will arise when economists using between alternative ways of allocating scarce resources. The opportunity cost is for economists to make decision of the alternative use of scarce resources. By using production possibility frontiers (PPF) can be illustrated the opportunity cost to result a clear simple way to effects of making economic choice. A PPF is show theRead MoreAssignment on Economic Condition of Bangladesh3697 Words   |  15 PagesASIAN UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH An Assignment On â€Å"Economic condition of Bangladesh† Course Title: Microeconomics Course code: BBA 1204 Submitted to Dr. Shamsul Islam Latifi Associate profesor, Dept. of Economics Asian University of Bangladesh Submitted By Md. Hasan Khan ID: 200920863 Batch: 36th Date of Submission 5th September, 2013 Letter of Transmittal Dr. Shamsul Islam Latifi Associate professor, Dept. of Economics Asian University of Bangladesh. Sub: Letter of Transmittal. DearRead MoreAssignment on Economic System1839 Words   |  8 PagesAn economic system is the combination of the various agencies, entities (or even sectors as described by some authors) that provide the economic structure that defines the social community. These agencies are joined by lines of trade and exchange along which goods, money etc. are continuously flowing. An example of such a system for a closed economy is shown in the flow-diagram. The economics system involves production, allocation of economic inputs, distribution of economic outputs, landlords and